Review of Geotechnical Challenges and soil Improvement by Environmental Perspective

Population growth and industrial improvement have been engaged geotechnical engineering into novelty concerns, in regard to occurring some phenomena which are not common in many areas, attributed to environmental revolutions. Firstly, the management of these environmentally phenomena needs to understand their main reasons based on ecosystem alteration. Accordingly, they could be classified into some groups regarding the weather situation, which some of them are more frequent in arid and semi-arid land similar to Iran. Additionally, in recent decades, international agencies have presented severe limitation according to induced environmentally concerns, including greenhouse gases production and hazardous materials for ecosystem. Regarding to the widely usage of cement admixtures as a traditional soil stabilization method, geotechnical engineering has involved into finding non-toxic and environmentally innocuous alternatives to replace partial or full replacement by traditional cement admixtures. For this reason, different approaches have been proposed such as utilization of geopolymer, biological alternatives, and Co2 sequestration. Obviously, each of them has their downside and upside aspects that must be investigated in details. For this reason, in this paper, in addition to introduce more frequent geoenvironmental phenomena in arid and semi-arid land, a subset of environmentally friendly soil improvement materials and methods is also compared to each other.