Day-ahead energy management scheme for a hydrogen-based energy hub considering ammonia fuel and demand response programs

Today, in addition to solar and wind sources, hydrogen is also given serious attention as a carrier of clean energy. On the other hand, the energy hub (EH) concept, which considers the conversion and storage of various energy carriers optimally together, is of interest to researchers. This paper proposes a structure for a hydrogen based EH that provides electric, thermal, and hydrogen demands by having solar, wind, and CHP sources and various storage systems and converters. In this structure, ammonia fuel is used to produce hydrogen and natural gas is used to supply CHP and the boiler. Then, for the proposed structure, a day-ahead energy management scheme is presented to operate the available equipment optimally, considering demand response programs and in the form of a stochastic programming problem. For comparison, another structure has been studied (as the basic EH) in which hydrogen is connected to other carriers through the electrolyzer and fuel cell instead of being produced from ammonia. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed structure in reducing operating costs and diminishing losses.