Applications of Systems Thinking in the Circular Economy: An Integrative Literature Review

In this integrative review, the concept of the circular economy is extensively analyzed from the perspective of systems thinking to gain insights in the circular economy. We examined 72 papers from the Scopus and Web of Science databases to gain a better understanding of the ambivalent nature of the circular economy and systems thinking. The main objective of this study is to provide a clear understanding of the circular economy concept through the lens of systems thinking. Therefore, a thematic framework is presented that synthesizes the literature in a tangible form for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. This review contributes to a better understanding of the circular economy as a complex and dynamic system and it highlights the interdependencies that can arise in the circular economy and emphasizes the need for holistic and systemic approaches to address these challenges. Through this integrative review, six systems thinking applications in the circular economy are identified, including Stakeholder engagement in decision, Innovation and Deep transformational change, implementation of Circular business models, life cycle management optimization through Better resource management, Supply chain optimization and reduced unintended consequences and designing sustainable products. This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by identifying future research gaps and opportunities to consistently advance in this field of study and provides a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to advance the circular economy agenda.