كليدواژه :
زمينشناسي , زمينشناسي دريايي , علوم اقيانوسي , علوم دريايي , منابع غير زنده دريا
چكيده لاتين :
Nearly 75% of the earth s surface is covered by seas and oceans with an average depth of 3.5 km. Knowing and exploring seas and oceans as an inexhaustible natural resource is important in many aspects, including economy, environment, food supply, energy, etc. Marine and ocean sciences are divided into four branches: marine physics, marine chemistry, marine biology, and marine geology. These branches are closely related to each other and need each other in studies and investigations. Meanwhile, the applied science of marine geology studies the nature of abiotic features of water basins and the nature of ocean beds. One of the most important applications of marine geology is to discover economic non-living resources of the sea bed and sub-bed, to identify the engineering geological condition of the sea bed and sub-bed in order to: carry out piping and cable laying projects, tunnel excavation projects, engineering geological studies related to Oil platforms, discovery of risky areas for long-term construction and development planning, archaeological investigations and discovery of lost and buried objects on the seabed, as well as military applications. This article was done in the form of a review of published studies, in a library format and by reviewing comprehensive and reliable scientific sources. The collection of information for this research has been done mainly by the library method. For this, the subject literature and reliable studies conducted by others inside and outside have been studied. Considering the importance of marine geology, the purpose of this research is to investigate the applications of marine geology, equipment and new methods of marine geology studies and to investigate the country s situation in the field of marine geology. Various methods have been designed so far for marine geological studies, all of which with a boat and Global Positioning System (DGPS) are usually used to provide real-time location information. These methods include: Side Scan Sonar, Sub Bottom Profiler, Acoustic Doppler current profiler. Also, among the equipment used in geological studies are the equipment for measuring the depth and speed of water, including: wireless/wireless depth gauge, speed and depth gauge, flowmeter and RHCM flowmeter, CTD device, water sampler, sediment sampler, sedimentation trap (Multi Sediment Trap) and named the corer. In the meantime, sampling through objective and direct observation is considered one of the most effective study methods, so despite technological advances, diving is still one of the best methods for marine studies. From this day on, in addition to human-centered diving, the use of ROV and AUV diving robots is one of the new methods of marine geological studies. In Iran, the science of marine geology has continuously grown in the past 50 years, and in addition to universities, two institutions of the Marine Geology Office from the sub-sets of the Geological and Mineral Exploration Organization of the Ministry of Defense and the National Oceanographic Research Institute of the Ministry of Science are specialized in the field of marine geology. Although these institutions have facilities, laboratories and equipment in the field of marine geology, however, considering Iran s wide water borders in the north and south and compared to other countries, these facilities, laboratories and equipment are not adequate and appropriate, including the fact that the only research vessel The Persian Gulf probe has been active and the Geological Organization s land float has been decommissioned. The elimination of all the mentioned deficiencies required the provision of appropriate funds from the government, which, considering the importance and applications of marine geology and the communication of general policies for the development of the sea and emphasizing the importance of scientific, educational and research support for the development of the sea, is a suitable opportunity to provide financial resources. There is a need for the development of marine geological science and studies by using negotiation and consultation and approving the appropriate budget line at the macro level of the country.
