چكيده فارسي :
پيشينه مديريت سامان هاي عرفي ذيل عناوين مديريت شورايي، مشاعي و افرازي نشان داد در دوره ابداع و بكارگيري خود، كارايي داشتند. با پيدايش تحولات ساختاري اقتصاد و اجتماع در عصر حاضر و الزام نهادينگي شوراها در مديريت هاي خرد و كلان منابع طبيعي و مراتع كشور ضرورت دارد تا نهادهاي نوين اداره بنگاه هاي اقتصادي و اجتماعي مانند شركت هاي سهامي در كار مديريت مراتع جايگزين ساختارهاي مديريت پيشين مراتع بشود. بدين منظور تطابق چارچوب مديريت هاي شورايي، مشاعي و افرازي با شركت هاي سهامي عام، شركت هاي تعاوني و شركت هاي خاص بررسي شد. اين جايگزيني مزاياي راهبردي اجراي ديوان سالارانه، در حوزه مديريت اداري و مديريت شورايي، پايش و نظارت فن سالارانه در حوزه دانش مرتعداري، حسابرسي مالي در حوزه اقتصادي، نظارت قانوني در حوزه قضايي، امكان اجراي شيوه نامه هاي فني مرتعداري در هنگامه ي گشايش ها و تنگناهاي ناشي از تغيير اقليم را هم تراز با ميزان بهره وري و كارايي سامانه هاي ديوان سالاري پي آمد دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
Replacing the joint stock company structure in the management of council and communal rangeland Introduction: If we consider the use of the ecosystem as exploitation, the optimal exploitation of nature will be subject to criteria based on science and technology, which the term management can convey the concept of optimal exploitation. Part of the mentioned nature has the shape of the natural geography of the pasture, which gives meaning to the management of the pasture, the optimal use of the pastures. Until seven decades ago, the mechanisms of exploitation of pastures were based on the rules and principles of tribes and clans that arose in the history of the development of human civilization until that time. In the past few decades, stunning and incomparable changes have occurred in the social structure, and the organizations of the former nomadic chieftains or rural dwellers have given way to cities and citizen society. The grazing community has also been affected by the inevitable process of this transformation of the social structure. These changes have been such that instead of the orders of Khan and Kadkhoda to determine the start date of grazing in any traditional pasture system, the capacity of livestock and the permission to graze livestock, according to the order of the administrative department, and the laws of the grazing permit and grazing plan. to be In this way, the methods of exploitation, communal and council that emerged during the transition from house management to management based on pasture knowledge in the citizen society are not capable of functional synergy and coordination with the new structures of the Diwan Salar. Therefore, in this article, the reasons for the necessity of using the new management structures of the cooperative joint-stock company instead of the mutual and collective document contracts between the rancher and the pasture administrations were explained. Materials and Methods: It was written by reviewing and studying library sources and using reasoning method. Results and Discussion: The history of the management of customary systems under the headings of council, communal and extra management showed that they were effective in the period of their creation and application. With the emergence of structural changes in the economy and society in the present era and the requirement of institutionalization of councils in the micro and macro management of natural resources and pastures of the country, it is necessary for new institutions to manage economic and social enterprises such as joint stock companies in the management of pastures to replace the management structures. The former should be pastures. In order to do this, the compatibility of the framework of council, joint and cooperative management with public joint stock companies, cooperative companies and private companies was examined. Conclusions: This replacement of the strategic advantages of bureaucratic implementation, in the field of administrative management and council management, technological monitoring and supervision in the field of pasture knowledge, financial audit in the economic field, legal supervision in the judicial field, the possibility of implementing pasture technical guidelines at the time of opening It equates the problems and bottlenecks caused by climate change with the level of productivity and efficiency of bureaucratic systems.
