Use of nanoparticles as drug carriers in cancer diseases

Nanoparticles (NPs) are tiny materials with an organic or inorganic outer layer that determines the properties of them. The small size of nanoparticles has led to an increase in their surface area, easily transfer through blood vessels, unique physical and chemical properties influence its interaction. In the medical science, NPs are useful in the disease diagnosis, medical imaging, drug delivery and, gene therapy. Different types of drug delivery systems are required, depending upon the type of route and the target site selected. As some review reported, the use of nanoparticles in drug delivery increases the drug carrying capacity, reduces the administered dose and toxicity.; the ability to carry and deliver multiple classes of agents loaded within a nanoparticle, which would then reduction in the frequency of administration are significant characteristics of nanoparticles for use in medical science. Nanoparticles are widely used in the cancer therapy. Most chemotherapy drugs are difficult to administer directly, due to hydrophobicity and severe side effects and toxicity to normal healthy tissues. Use of NPs in cancer treatment also, increases the solubility and half-life of drugs thus, increasing the bioavailability of many chemotherapeutic drugs. Hence the nano-based drug delivery systems are currently being studied that will facilitate the advanced system of drug delivery.