Nanoparticle based-flu vaccine:the past and future

Aim and Background: Influenza virus plays a significant role in causing respiratory diseases, antigenic drift and shift changes in the genome of these viruses lead to genetic instability, which respectively causes annual epidemics and periodic pandemics around the world.Declining vaccine-specific antibodies and antigenic drift of influenza viruses over time necessitate annual revaccination. Despite the existence of various effective vaccines that provide acceptable seasonal immunity, these vaccines have several challenges. and finally, the ultimate goal of a universal influenza vaccine is to protect against all influenza viruses, which eliminates the need for annual revaccination. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases based on the main keywords of nanoparticles, Influenza vaccine and treatment were used in study. Results and Discussion: Nanoparticles are one of the new methods to solve the challenges of the influenza vaccine, which play a significant role in delivering viral antigens and stimulating the immune system. The use of nanoparticles in different influenza vaccines can stimulate cellular and humoral immune responses and increase the titer of virus-specific antibodies and provide protection against other viral strains. Conclusion: Different approach and effectiveness of nanoparticles for flu_vaccines will compare in this study.