A constructive analytical method for determining the amount of aluminum in human biological samples

Aim and Background: High amount of aluminum is toxic for human body and is observed in all age groups. Aluminum is used as a food additive, antacids and buffered aspirin (ASA). Aluminum is also used for dialysis dementia and absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GI) in the form of oral phosphate-binding agents (aluminum hydroxide). Alzheimer’s patients are known to have altered permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Further, people suffering from renal dysfunction accumulate Al in their brain due to its insufficient removal from the body. Aluminum reference values for human blood serum in dialysis patients are less than 60 μg L-1 and in healthy people is 1- 3 μg L-1. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a new analytical method for extraction and determination of trace Al in human blood samples. Methods: The graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) as solid sorbent was prepared and used for extraction and determination of trace Al in 10 mL of human blood samples by dispersive- micro-solid phase extraction (D- μ-SPE) procedure. Results and discussion: Under the optimal conditions, the linear range, limit of detection and enrichment factor were obtained 0.15–5.8 µg L−1, 0.05 µg L−1 and 21.2 for human blood samples, respectively (RSD 0.05). Conclusion: The efficient, simple and fast method was demonstrated for determination of trace Al in human blood of dialysis patients. The developed method based on GONPs was successfully applied for extraction of Al in human blood samples and validation of methodology was confirmed by standard reference materials (SRM) in blood.