Application of Nanoparticles in Bone regenerative:A systematic review

Aim and Background: Bone defects such as fractures and osteoporosis are one of the biggest problems for the elderly and cost a lot for patients and treatment staff. Bone grafting is the most common treatment method, but it has challenges. Although the bone itself has its self-repair properties, it is sometimes not enough and requires other substances such as nanomaterials. Nanomaterials attempt to mimic the natural structure of the bone as much as possible and cause bone tissue regeneration. Methods: We searched Google Scholar, Pubmed, and SID from 2019 to 2023, and found 97 articles. Among them, we separated 18 articles with specific keywords. Results and discussion: Some nanoparticles can mimic the properties of bone, regulate the function of osteoblasts, proliferation, differentiation and migration of cells, and can also show unique functions that help bone tissue engineering. Bone regeneration requires a material that is biocompatible, induces bone, and is accepted by the immune system. To date, nanoparticles based on metals and metal oxides such as Au-NPs, Pt-NPs, Fe3O4-NPs, NiO-NPs, TiO2-NPs, CaO-NPs, CeO2-NPs, Carbon-NPs, SiO2-NPs, and Hydroxyapatite NPs, have been used in the field of bone regeneration, which have various advantages such as easy preparation process, changeable size and shape, high surface-to-volume ratio, increased colloidal stability, easy functionalization with different molecules and integration in hydrophobic and hydrophilic systems. Conclusion: Currently, new developments in the field of nanomedicine play an important role in bone tissue engineering and can bring new treatment options for bone tissue regeneration. Today, by combining nanotechnology and medicine with together doctors can be helped for treatment.