كوشيا گونه اي مناسب جهت استفاده در فضاي سبز مناطق شور و خشك كويري

Kochia scoparia is a species suitable for use in the green spaces of salty and dry desert areas

ﻳﻜﻰ از ﭘﺎيدارترين روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺘﻰ در اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻫﺎﻟﻮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آب و ﺧﺎك ﺷﻮر در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ايجاد فضاي سبز و ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺷﻮرزﻳﺴﺖ از اﻫﺪاف اﺻﻠﻰ زراﻋﺖ در ﺑﻮم زﻳﺴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻛﻮﺷﻴﺎ گياهي ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ، ﺷﻮرزﻳﺴﺖ و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﻜﻰ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ آب ﺷﻮر آﺑﻴﺎري ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي از ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ در اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري و ﺧﺸﻜﻰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. كشت بهاره (فروردين) كوشيا براي توليد علوفه و كشت تابستانه (تير) براي توليد دانه مناسب است. بهترين تراكم براي توليد بذر، 20 بوته در مترمربع و براي توليد علوفه، 30 بوته در متر مربع و بهترين فاصله رديف نيز 50 سانتيمتر است. ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻻي ﻛﻮﺷﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ خشكي و ﺷﻮري و دﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ، اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻰ آن را دارد ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﮔﻴﺎه ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮم و ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد. بر اساس مطالعات انجام شده، اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺷﻮري آب ﺗﺎ ٢٣ دﺳﻲزﻳﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮﻣﺘﺮ، ﻛﺎﻫش معني داري در ﻣﻴـﺰان ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده گياه را ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﺸﺪه است. كوشيا بيش از 50 سال است كه در ژاپن به منظور طراحي فضاي سبز استفاده مي-شود.ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻛﻮﺷﻴﺎ در اﺑﺘﺪاي ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﻰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪاي راﻳﺞ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ. همچنين كوشيا مي تواند به عنوان منبع ارزشمندي جهت توليد روغن خوراكي و سوخت زيستي مدنظر قرار گيرد كه اين امر نيازمند تحقيقات بيشتر و گسترده تر است.

One of the most sustainable protection methods in desert ecosystems is the production of halophyte plants using water and saline soil in these areas. Creating green space and producing quality fodder from saline plants is one of the main goals of agriculture in ecosystems under saline stress. Kochia scoparia is an annual, salt-tolerant and drought-resistant plant that can be irrigated with saline water and produce a valuable source of fodder in ecosystems under salinity and drought stress. Spring (April) cultivation of Kochia scoparia is suitable for fodder production and summer (July) cultivation is suitable for seed production. The best density for seed production is 20 plants per square meter and for fodder production, 30 plants per square meter and the best row spacing is 50 cm. Due to the high resistance of Kochia scoparia to drought and salinity and other desert stresses such as heat, this plant has the ability to be used as a forage plant in hot and dry regions. Based on the studies, increasing the water salinity up to 23 decimeters did not cause a significant decrease in the amount of plant biomass production. Kochia scoparia has been used in Japan for more than 50 years for the purpose of green space design. The quality of Kochia scoparia fodder at the beginning of the flowering stages is comparable to other common fodder plants. Also, Kochia scoparia can be considered as a valuable source for the production of edible oil and biofuel, which requires more and more extensive research.