پديدآورندگان :
Boushehri Behzad behzadboshehri@yahoo.com Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Mokhtarpoor Akbar Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Bahrami Ehsan General Practitioner , Ghorani-Azam Adel Urmia University of Medical Sciences
كليدواژه :
adverse drug reactions , skin rash , side effects , toxic dermatoses , Stevens , Johnson syndrome
چكيده فارسي :
Introduction: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are any harmful and unintended side effects associated with the use of a drug at the usual therapeutic dose, in which the skin is involved in most cases. This complication can range from mild and self-limiting reactions such as maculopapular rash to severe and life-threatening dermatoses such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). ADR accounts for a significant proportion of hospital admissions and hospitalization costs and are a common cause of mortality and morbidity. Several factors, including the type of medication, genetic factors, patient’s medical history, and pattern of medications are involved in ADR. Therefore, the availability of epidemiological information of reactions, reaction patterns and their causative drugs can be helpful in timely diagnosis and necessary measures, such as caution in prescribing causative drugs to prevent these types of reactions. Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, the archived files of patients with dermatoses due to ADR who were referred to Taleghani university Hospital, Urmia, Iran during 2015-2020 were studied. Patterns and frequency of skin reactions, demographic data and the frequency of chronic comorbidities were identified. Results: A total of 50 patients with drug-induced skin rash were found, of which 14 were male (28%) and 36 were female (72%). Skin rashes were most frequently found in patients aged 31-40 years. In 76% of patients, there was at least one chronic underlying disease. The most common reaction pattern was maculopapular rash (44%) and the most common causative drugs were antiepileptic drugs (34%) and antibiotics (22%). Three cases of dermatoses were found due to Botox injections. Mortality was found in 4 cases, which was due to antibiotics and antiepileptic drugs that cause toxic SJS/TEN and erythroderma. The number of hospital stays was highest in SJS and lowest in maculopapular rash. Conclusion: Knowledge about the epidemiology and the frequency of adverse drug reactions may be helpful to increase awareness of physicians for correct and rational drug prescription, which can reduce unnecessary hospital referral and treatment costs.
