نقدپذيري در حكمراني اسلامي و نظام سياسي: رهيافتي به تربيت انتقادي در جامعه ايران

Criticism in Islamic governance and political system: an approach to critical education in Iranian society

سعه صدر و نقد پذيري از عناصر اصلي رشد و تعالي جامعه بوده و مي تواند باعث اصلاح امر حكمراني گردد. اين مقاله با هدف بررسي جايگاه نقدپذيري در حكمراني اسلامي و وضعيت تربيت انتقادي جامعه ايران انجام گرفته است و روش اين پژوهش از نوع توصيفي و تحليلي مي باشد.بر اين اساس انتقاد و انتقادپذيري در انديشه امام خميني ره و آيت الله خامنه‌اي مدظله‌‌العالي بيان شده و همچنين فضاي انتقاد و انتقادپذيري در دوران قبل و بعد از انقلاب اسلامي در دولت هاي مختلف بررسي شده است. يافته ها نشان مي دهد عواملي كه سبب نقدگريزي مي شود، از سويي، شكاف ميان جامعه و مسئولين، خودمحوري، وجود خصلت هايي چون تكبر وخودبزرگ بيني، ميل به اقتدار كاريزماتيك، فقدان اعتماد به نفس، مقصر دانستن ديگران به جاي پذيرش نقاط ضعف خود، كوچك شمردن انتقاد، و از سوي ديگر، بازگو كردن معايب و ناديده گرفتن نقاط قوت، پرخاشگري و توهين به جاي انتقاد سازنده، غرض ورزي و انتقام به جاي انتقاد هستند. نتايج پژوهش بيانگر اين است كه فراهم بودن بستر انتقاد در جامعه باعث افزايش مشاركت سياسي و اجتماعي مردم، ايجاد وحدت ميان مردم و مسئولان كشور، بالا رفتن فهم سياسي- اجتماعي جامعه، جلوگيري از تشنجات سياسي- اجتماعي، حفظ استقلال كشور، جلوگيري از رخنه دشمنان و تقويت پايه هاي نظام خواهد شد.

Undoubtedly, effort and criticism are among the most important elements that create the growth and excellence of society and reform affairs, and in the political school of Islam special importance is given to criticism and criticism. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the place of criticism in Islamic governance and political system and the state of critical education in Iranian society. The method of this research was descriptive and analytical. Criticism and receptivity to criticism in the thought of the Imam and Supreme Leader, as well as the atmosphere of criticism and receptivity to criticism in the era before and after the revolution in different governments, as well as the reasons for the weakness of criticism in the Islamic Republic of Iran were examined and the findings showed that the factors that The causes of criticism avoidance are: the gap between society and the authorities, self-centeredness, the existence of traits such as arrogance and self-conceit, the desire for charismatic authority, lack of self-confidence, blaming others instead of accepting one s own weaknesses, belittling criticism, recounting Disadvantages and ignoring strengths, aggression and insults instead of constructive criticism, malice and revenge instead of criticism. The results of the research show that providing a platform for criticism in the society increases people s participation in the political-social scenes of the country, creates greater unity between the people and the officials of the country, increases the political-social understanding of the society, prevents political-social tensions, preserves The independence of the country will prevent the intrusion of the enemies of the system and strengthen the foundations of the system