Proteomics Methodology, Concepts and Applications in Biomarker Discovery

Proteomics Methodology, Concepts and Applications in Biomarker Discovery

Protein biomarkers with specific biological functions have had an essential role in cancer diagnosis and medical consideration. With the recent progress in proteomics methodology, thousands of protein biomarker candidates have been introduced for various disease conditions. For this purpose, different sample origins, including blood, sera, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, stool samples, and tissue biopsies can be employed. However, they should be pretreated and purified with proper methods to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of the analysis and remove the contaminants. Ultimately, the purified samples are investigated by several essential proteomics procedures to identify the specific protein. In this review, the recent progress in the protein biomarker discovery, verification, and validation phases are studied. Also, their conventional techniques, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed.