Advances of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Delivery Using Supramolecular Structuring of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Modified with β-Cyclodextrins

With the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the emergence of COVID-19, nanotechnology-based approaches intensified. Due to ease of manufacture, low cost, and relative safety, clinical messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) therapeutics were the first type of COVID-19 vaccines leading to significant advances in mRNA therapy techniques to enter clinical trials. Addressing this problem, a non-viral vector with a safe, stable, and preferably organ-specific vector is preferred. Accordingly, cationic lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) are primarily used in mRNA-based vaccine delivery; however, they suffer from low transfection efficiencies. Therefore, opportunities arise for fundamental studies of the interactions between mRNA-based vaccines and supramolecular biopolymers, including mesoporous silica and cyclodextrin NPs (MSN and CD), due to their specific potential for high biomolecules loading. In this review article, we have discussed the potency of modified MSN with β-CD, which possesses a host-guest structure, for effective mRNA delivery concerning its future perspective.