Reconstruction of the Contemporary Political Thoughts in the Light of Various Socio-Cultural and Political Dimensions in Islam

on the materialistic view of Western philosophy. The idea of individualism and Western liberalism was derived from the same fragment of modernism. The dilemma of Communism over the experience of the last century reached a frustrating outcome – political oppression and injustice, which played a significant role in the fall of Soviet Russia. The Capitalism based western democracy, nowadays, appeared to be a tool of changing or sharing power. These post-renaissance developments took place on the basis of the concept of secularism, ignoring completely the virtue of religious thoughts. Poverty, social injustice, inequality are a common phenomena of the contemporary world. At the outset of twenty first century, it is time for the researchers, politicians as well as philosophers to try to find a way forward for the cause of a real development of mankind. Hence, it would be convenient here to recall the thoughts of Ibn Rushd: ‘there is no incompatibility between religion and philosophy when both are properly understood. Regarding political philosophy, unlike Plato, he advocates a leading role in a state for philosophers. Imam Khomeini in his political thoughts has given utmost importance to the concept of Vilayāt-i faqīh, i.e. the Governance of Islamic Jurists, which is, to some extent, very close to Plato’s idea of philosopher king. Hence, I, with the confluence of the sayings by Ibn Rushd, would like to mention that, there is no incompatibility between religion and philosophy as well as politics when they are properly understood. This paper attempts to address the relevant issues incorporating works on Muslim political theory, the movements of modernism in contemporary Muslim world and considering the Qur’anic principles as well as the governance of the Islamic republic of Iran. The outcome of this paper will help us to make a bridge between the understanding of Islamic political thinkers and western or modern political thinkers. Key words: , , , Vinlayāt-i faqīh,