Review of Inward and Outward Internationalization Orientation

Review of Inward and Outward Internationalization Orientation

Purpose–Due to the effects of rising globalization and internationalization of commerce, trading firms seek about the factors to succeed in international activities. The purpose of this paper is to argue that those factors that influence entering to foreign markets, in understanding inward internationalization as management international orientation and outward internationalization as organizational abilities to make further understanding of such activities. Design/methodology/approach–This study carried out a review on literature to achieve an in-depth understanding of the objective of investigation to present the conceptual model of the factors that affect firm internationalization. Findings–The result of this paper reveals that the essential factor to succeed in international activities depends on the trade managers decision-making, their attitude and vision in international activities along with the organizational capabilities which make competitive advantage lead to enter to foreign markets in turn, enhance firm’s performance. Research Limitations/Implications- The implications of this paper offer the viewpoint of various operations of inward and outward internationalization in different nations to expedite internationalizing firms. It can contribute to international marketing knowledge. Practical Implications- This paper is useful for professionals, export managers, agencies, entrepreneurs and as a guideline for policymakers to support the government’s export programs for the firm’s internationalization. Originality/value–This study has provided an outline of the process of internationalizing firms and theoretical literature in internationalization orientations. The results of review made further sense of inward and outward internationalization orientation which motivates the scholars to comprehensive enquiry.