چكيده فارسي :
In spite positive role of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms (GEMs) in sustainable bioremediation, environmental management , agriculture and aquaculture , there are many concerns and risks from GEMs to the environment : persistency of transgene or transgene products, susceptibility of non- target organisns, increased used of chemicals in agriculture, and unpredictable gene expression of transgene instability . risk assessment and bioethics, like biotechnology itself, is dynamic . thus Environmental risk assessment of GEMs, which is basically different from those associated with chemicals, should be evaluated and used within the context of a scientifically based regulatory policy that encourages innovation without compromising sound environmental management.
