A Review on the Applications and Fabrication methods for Functionally Graded Materials

In this paper, the review associated with the application of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) and their fabrication methods have been highlighted. The history has been cited and the achievements based on experimental, analytical, and numerical analyses of FG have been reviewed. Studies related to mechanical and thermal loads with FGMs material properties have been included. FGMs are fairly applicable to decreasing thermal and residual stresses and enhancing the bonding strength by controlling the volume fractions, sizes, and shapes of the material components during manufacturing. FGM sensors, actuators, metal/ceramic armor, photo-detectors, dental implants and solar plates have become an increasingly important area in applied engineering.