مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رساني علوم و فناوري - NEW PERFORMANCE TECHNIQUES IN VOICE, PIANO, AND HARP, AND THEIR NOTATIONS

Abstract :

Musicians, as of the early 20^th century, played an important role in the development of instrumental techniques and new sound resources more than that of any other musical periods ever before. Music is composed by a composer. The composer concludes her/his creativity by considering technical and physical features of instruments and instrument groups that he or she will use within the bounds of possibility. This is a necessity. This necessity, in parallel with cultural, political, and technological developments, reached the most active and maybe the most creative levels in the early 20th century. The development of instrumental techniques and new sound resources brought about new composition and performance techniques. Many composers living in this period sought to produce different timbres and colors from instruments in their works than those existing until that day whereas another group of composers denying inheritance that passed to them endeavored to create new instruments developed by electronic techniques, and to produce new timbres from these instruments. Apart from the idea of creating new instruments, the endeavor to acquire new timbres from existing instruments caused a new form of notation that was different from conventional notation. The search for new and the practice of discovered innovations in this period reached the highest levels not only through composers but also many soloist instrumentalists determining and exploring her/his own instrument’s sound capability. This article inquires into the developments within the period starting from the first quarter of the 20^th century to this day in terms of new performance techniques in percussion instruments, piano, and harp, particularly the developments in human voice, by illustrating samples of pieces and notation of new composition techniques.