kamla, joël igor université de yaoundé i - faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, Cameroun , kamgaing, nelly université de yaoundé i - faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, centre hospitalier et universitaire de yaoundé - service de pédiatrie, Cameroun , nguifo fongang, ej hôpital central de yaoundé - service de neurochirurgie, Cameroun , billong, serge université de yaoundé 1 - faculté de médicine et des sciences biomédicales (fmsb), Cameroun , djientcheu, vincent de paul hôpital central de yaoundé - service de neurochirurgie, Cameroun , djientcheu, vincent de paul université de yaoundé 1 - faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, Cameroun , fondop, joseph hôpital laquintinie de douala - service de chirurgie, Cameroun

Épidémiologie des Malformations Congénitales Visibles à la Naissance à Yaoundé

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Introduction. Congenital malformations are one of the main causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological data on this topic are largely unknown in the Cameroon population. This prospective multicentre study aimed at bringing more data on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of congenital malformations in Yaoundé. Methods. This was a cross sectional descriptive prospective study. We studied all newborns presenting one or more malformations detectable at birth in 10 selected and representative maternities for one year. Data of interest were type of malformation, newborn anthropometric parameters, sociodemographic records of parents, obstetrical data, past medical history of the mother, history of previous malformations, abortion or still birth, irradiation, fetal toxic drugs including folic acid around the conception. Results. The prevalence was 9 per 1000 births. The most common types of malformations were (per 1.000 births) polydactyly 2.1; clubfeet 1.1, Neural tube defects 1.4; Hydrocephalus 1.1; oro-facial clefts 0.9; and abdominal parietal defects 0.7. The pair myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus was common polymalformation. The sex ratio was 1.1. Mothers of malformed babies were mostly found in the age group 26 to 35 years (49.6%), single, housewives with a secondary education level. Suspected risk factors were maternal fever during the first trimester (31.4 %), past history of spontaneous abortions (23.4 %), primiparous mothers (36.6 %), and absence folic acid supplementation in periconceptional period (100 %). Conclusion. Congenital malformations are relatively frequent in Yaoundé. There is no national prevention strategy.

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Congenital malformations , Epidemiology , new , born , Yaoundé

Health Sciences an‎d Diseases

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