pramod, sivan swedish university of agricultural sciences - umea plant science centre - department of forest genetics and plant physiology, Umea, Sweden , vasava, ajit m. maharaja sayajirao university of baroda - faculty of science - department of botany, Vadodara, India , koyani, rina d. university of texas at ei paso - school of pharmacy, Texas, USA , rajput, kishore s. maharaja sayajirao university of baroda - faculty of science - department of botany, Vadodara, India

Post infectional alterations caused by Xylaria polymorpha in the secondary xylem of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr

28476

Xylaria polymorpha is known to cause root rot disease in hardwood trees. In the present study, trees of the species Lannea coromandelica infected with X. polymorpha showed symptoms consistent with root rot disease and also presented with a soft rot decay pattern. Bright-field microscopy, Confocal Microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that fungal mycelia penetrated the S_2 layer of the fiber wall while axial parenchyma was found to be relatively resistant without much visible damage. Occasionally, separation of the parenchyma adjacent to fiber occurred due to the dissolution of the compound middle lamella. Ray parenchyma cells showed several boreholes having irregular shapes and sizes. Enlargement of the pits in axial and ray parenchyma was present in all the samples investigated. Xylem fibers were the most susceptible cell type and developed several tunnels through the S_2 layer. Tunnels formed in the S_2 layer of the fiber wall by the mycelia showed L- and/or T-bending. The diameter of the tunnels started narrow, increasing in size as the tunnels extended into the S_3 layer. In some instances, complete removal of the S_3 layer and fusion of the tunnels with the fiber lumen appearing as U-shaped erosion troughs was observed. At the advanced stage of decay, extensive damage was observed in the vessel walls, leaving the middle lamella and wall layer facing the vessel lumen intact. In conclusion the anatomical characteristics observed in the present study suggests that X. polymopha is an aggressive saprobe with strong ligninolytic activity causing soft rot type 2 decay in the wood cell wall of Lannea coromandelica.

93

Secondary xylem , soft rot , wood damage , wood degradation

Forestist

101