مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رساني علوم و فناوري

Abstract :

The mention of the religious sources of Christian civilization naturally brings to mind the sources of Christianity. Christianity, which gave its name to this civilization, is a religion that came into existence in an imperial geography where various different religions existed. It spread throughout a vast land of different religious beliefs varying from monotheism to polytheism and from paganism to human-gods. Therefore, while replacing many of these religions, Christianity incorporated some elements of others into its own body. Naturally, it was influenced mostly by the consept of God found in those beliefs. While it was absorbing the abstract concept of God in the Palestinian region where it flourished, as it spread to imperial centre, it was also influenced by the polytheism of Rome and its hierarchy of gods. Christianity was subjected to a long period of observation within the Roman Empire. It was a threat to the existing social and religious order with its abstract concept of god on one side, and the concept of ethical principles and equality on the order, both of which were quite attractive for the masses. This naturally created unrest among the political authorities. Yet, due to the reasons mentioned above, it kept on spreading. When a state of deterioration and chaos emerged in economic and social life in accordance with the declining political power of the Empire, Christianity started to spread all over the Empire as a hope for the poor and needy. Thus, when Christianity became the religion of the people, it also became the religion of the political authority.Having been recognized by the political authority, different perceptions and currents started to emerge among the Christians. In the year 451, a council was summoned in Kadikoy in order to settle down the frictions related to religious differences, and an act was passed. The eastern churches (Coptic, Armenian and Syrian) rejected the council and separated from the Roman and Istanbul churches. However, the decisions of the Council became the official doctrine of Western Christianity. It, then, became solid after St.Augustine’s founding of the philosophical bases of Western Christianity (Christianity of Paulus). After this event, there appeared almost no opposition to Western Christianity until reformation movement at the start of the 16th century. As the leader of reformation movement, Martin Luther’s revolt was not against Christianity per se, against the clergy who acted as mediators between God and people. The reformation led by Luther and other movements served as useful means on the way towards laicism by removing oppressions on the people caused by the Pope and other clergy. The outcome of this was the relief of scientific thinking and awakening of Western Europe from its thousand-year-old sleep.Christianity to give shape to spread in different geographies with different cultures which is in the effect of Roman Empire. But Ancient Greek Civilization effect on Christianity is more strongly felt in Western Europe in the relatively in the effect of Ancient Greek remaining, mainly in Egypt and Middle Eastern cultures so with traces of Eastern Christianity was manifested in different ways. Although the reform movement in the Christian world is the last big break, the essence of religion did not change seriously with this development. However our main subject is the Christian (Western) civilization is mainly to be dealt with in terms of being a source of Western Europe which is also shaped by the Saint Paul is now entrenched in the Cristianity from Augustinus. In this study has been touch in subjects of Civilization of Christian, perception of God in the Ancient Greek Philosophy and after the term of to come into existence of Christianity term, perception of God in the Roman Empire Term and religion, perception of God in the Reformation Term.