مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رساني علوم و فناوري - THE CONSTRUCTION OF MODERN EDUCATION FROM OTTOMAN TO REPUBLIC: FROM RECOVERY OF THE STATE TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STATE

Abstract :

Throughout the history societies have made use from functional feature of the education. In traditional societies, while it is confined to transfer practices of everyday life and experience, on the other hand in Europe in line with the Enlightenment, the reasoning and objective information exposed the importance of modern education and attempted to create a new individual during the process of education. Within the educational dimension of 18th century modernization efforts in Ottoman Empire, it was generally initiated the creation of a new individual to make the life of the Empire longer instead of intending an educated persons with distinctive peculiarities. The changing efforts to revitalize the religio-traditional parameters providing the sustainability and survival of the socio-political order for the sake of strengthening the Empire did not aim to create a new individual with the western mentality. Therefore this understanding did not lead to emerge an educational system which was giving the priority for the secularism, reason and the mixed character. Following the announcement of the establishment of the new state of the Republic in 1923 and thus complete the development of the individual in order to create a new paradigm of modern education which is appropriate to assess the fundamental principles. As a matter of fact, within the period of 1923-1938 called as Ataturk reign, radical steps had been taken in administrative and legislative fields in order to convey them to the next generations as the new behavioral models which were attained by the newly created educational system. In this period of time, the education had been perceived as a mean to reestablish the social order and to realize the ideological formulations by means of its widespread, obligatory and secular character. The ultimate target was to create a new notion of citizenship to shape and survive the dynamics of modern state. In this study, the reforms and innovations had been committed in Ottoman time since the Tanzimat period and the main focus of these reforms have been analyzed as well as the revolutions made for the sake of the construction of the modern education and its newly defined mission.