مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رساني علوم و فناوري

Abstract :

Utopia has been existing in art until Classical Greek art up to now. It is thought that there is no art without Utopia. In historical process, the hope for utopia becoming real has become more common together with 1789 revolution. French Revolution points out an important utopia; it is a thought of new world founded over terms of freedom, equality and brotherhood. Art has been pioneer for revolutionaist political discourses of 19. century and great social transformations. Utopias of important Romantic philosophers of 19. Century, Saint Simon, Fourier and William Moris were socialist. According to Simon, an organic society is composed only with the association of art and industry. With this view, from Simonian utopia, avant garde art movements such as Bauhaus and Constructivism included design into art. They formed the principles of art perceptions in this way. In this regard, III. International monument of Tatlin can be evaluated as the monument of socialist utopia. Utopia of surrealists is for mass production and mass consumption of art. It is thought that this utopia will be attained when artists become free and hindrances before them are removed. There is a closed society (communal society) in Planton s Atlantis and The Republic from Antique utopias and Thomas More s Utopia from modern utopias. With its revolunist manners and utopic spirit, avant garde art movements has great interest in political view of Marxism. In this perception, we encounter movements and acts such as Dada, Surrealism and Cobra. What is imagined by artists especially in modern art is the existence of an unattainable art. There is a dominant thought of escaping from classical art and revealing existence of new art. Art utopia of futurism emerges from here. Futurists think of demolishing classical art which is a monkey on their back and generate a new one instead of it. Breaking point of this utopic view which was started by Futurists was with Dadaism. In Dadaism, the artist broke all his bonds with classical art. The most important indicator of this perception is the work of Duchamp called Fountain . Readymades take its place in the history of art for the first time with Duchamp. It is enough to choose a produced object for an artist. In this way, revoulinistanti art attitude of Dadaists become prominent in this way. Together with 20. Century, modern art movements started to publish manifestos in order to announce their art perceptions. Manifesto were built on utopic and revolutionist dreams. The most important phenomena for modern art is to deconstruct a new perception art. Considering their own period, these discourses are one of utopias for artists. Utopic view which started with Romantic artists was getting far from classical period and including their soul to their work. Now art is for art s sake. This perception is liberalization of art and also movement of founding a new life. Such a discourse has become legitimate and the most important principle by Modern artists and avant garde movement. Art is the most sutiable dynamic for founding utopia of a new world.