Abstract :
As the first Caliph, Abu bakr decided to make a military expedition in Damascus region in the second year of his caliphate reign. Outside of Islam army, under Ebu Ubeyde b. Cerrah’s control, routed Byzantine army at Yermuk war in 634 A.D. and moved ahead the North of Damascus. After conquering Damascus region, Muslims entered Anatolia by capturing Antioch in 636 A.D. Herakleios, Byzantıne Emperor, evacuated a large land from Antioch to Erzurum due to the obtruction of Anatolia by Islam army. Thus, the border between Islam region and Byzantine area came about from Toros mountains to Erzurum. In this case, the cities behind this border (Tarsus, Antioch, Germenia, Melitene, Theodosipolis) were dominated and made Sugur-Avasım cities by Muslims. Tarsus, Antioch, Theodosipolis, the border cities at tip of Anatolia, are the most important base of Umeyyed and Abbasid States. However in 960 Byzantine army attacked these Abbasi Sugur-Avasım cities in Anatolia, so these cities were dominated by Byzantine, Which caused Islam domination in the east of Anatolia for three centuries. Nevertheless Sugur-Avasım cities couldn’t lose its identity of Turk-Islam despite the domination of Byzantine. On the other hand, in the beginning of XIth century. Turkmens started their raids exploratory in Anatolia in the begining of XIth century. And then They continued vehemently their raids to conquere and setle in Anatolia end of this centrury . As a result of these raids Anatolia was conquered and Turkized by Turks.
