Title :
AWG technologies for dense WDM applications
Author_Institution :
Hitachi Cable Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
Abstract :
This paper reviews the recent technologies supporting arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) based on planar lightwave circuits. From the practical point of view, I describe new technologies such as an athermalization and the high-contrast waveguide that includes the mode field transfer needed for low connection loss with conventional optical fiber. As AWG applications, I present new types of AWG modules such as a dynamic gain equalizer and a variable optical attenuator (VOA) MUX/DEMUX. Both of these will play an important role for next-generation wavelength-division multiplexing networks.
Keywords :
arrayed waveguide gratings; equalisers; optical attenuators; optical communication equipment; wavelength division multiplexing; AWG technologies; Internet traffic; arrayed waveguide gratings; athermalization; dense WDM applications; dynamic gain equalizer; high-contrast waveguides; low connection loss; mode field transfer; next-generation wavelength-division multiplexing networks; optical fiber; planar lightwave circuits; variable optical attenuator; Arrayed waveguide gratings; Circuits; Equalizers; Optical arrays; Optical fiber losses; Optical fibers; Optical planar waveguides; Optical waveguides; Planar waveguides; Wavelength division multiplexing; Arrayed waveguide grating; integrated optical device; planar lightwave circuit;
Journal_Title :
Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JSTQE.2004.827841
