Characterization of magnetites for monocomponent toner applications

The magnetic properties of 15 magnetite samples being considered for use in toners were determined. On the basis of magnetic and other physical properties, the samples were classified into three categories: (1) blocky precipitated particles; (2) acicular precipitated particles; and (3) comminuted natural magnetite. The distinguishing magnetic properties of each magnetite type are discussed. Equations accurately describing the magnetization curves of each sample and correlations among the various magnetic properties are described.