Comparison between measurement and calculation of line switching with inductive and complex source-modelling requirements

Different models for calculating overvoltages occurring during the energizing of unloaded lines are examined. The models are discussed in relation to both a network with an inductive source and a network with a complex source. Calculations are carried out with the Electro Magnetic Transients Program (EMTP). The calculation results obtained with these models are compared with measurements. Finally, modeling requirements and directives necessary for obtaining reliable results are presented