Title :
Experience with use of feedback in FES systems
Author_Institution :
Fac. of Electr. Eng., Belgrade Univ., Yugoslavia
Abstract :
Summary form only given. Technology for functional electrical simulation (FES) to restore movement in paralyzed limbs is discussed. In FES systems for restoration of standing and locomotion, the following sensory information is of interest: ground reaction forces and their spatial and temporal distribution, angular position and velocities, and relative position of the body or body parts towards the direction of the gravity vector. Three types of sensors that have been tested in FES system are described. These sensors are artificial, nonimplantable sensors; artificial, implantable sensors; and natural sensors.<>
Keywords :
bioelectric phenomena; biomechanics; closed loop systems; feedback; neurophysiology; orthotics; transducers; angular position; artificial implantable sensors; artificial nonimplantable sensors; closed-loop control system; feedback; functional electrical simulation; gravity vector; ground reaction forces; locomotion; movement restoration; natural sensors; neural prosthesis; neural/muscle action potentials; paralyzed limbs; spatial distribution; strain gauges; temporal distribution; transducers; Biosensors; Control systems; Electrodes; Feedback; Force sensors; Humans; Muscles; Piezoelectric transducers; Sensor systems; System testing;
Journal_Title :
Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE
