Nodal elements for three-dimensional magnetic field computation in inhomogeneous media

Nodal finite elements are very well-suited to three-dimensional magnetic field computation in linear media. It is shown there that they can also be applied to ferromagnetic materials by choosing a suitable modeling of the permeability and by taking account of the physical properties of the fields at the interfaces. The simultaneous use of nodal elements for the magnetic field and for the magnetic induction, which implicitly assumes rather complicated expression of the permeability inside of the materials, makes possible an efficient first-order approximation modeling of the fields. The numerical behavior of the fields at the transition between two materials of different permeabilities was successfully tested in a numerical calculation