Reliability comparison of token-ring network schemes

In the token ring network, failure of any one node brings the network down. Three schemes have been proposed for enhancing the reliability of such a ring network: bypass switch, braided, and counter rotating. The reliability characteristics of these schemes are compared. While each scheme enhances the reliability of the basic ring network, their capabilities are not the same. In particular, the bypass-switch scheme enhances reliability the most, followed by the counter-rotating scheme and then the braided scheme