Novel miniaturized open-square-loop resonator with inner split rings loading

The adoption of flower rings coupled with inner split rings within an open-square-loop resonator for size miniaturization is first analyzed and designed. To demonstrate the proposed technique of loading, a novel dual-mode open-loop resonator operating at 2.5 GHz is next designed. The proposed technique of perturbation achieves a 48.4% loading factor for the resonators. The proposed resonator is 2.94% smaller in area as compared to the meander loop resonator, and 5.5% smaller in area as compared to the hairpin resonator. Harmonic suppression is also easily achieved through the integration of these circular rings.