Title :
Some of what one needs to know about using head-mounted displays to improve teleoperator performance
Author :
Liu, An ; Tharp, G. ; French, L. ; Lai, Stephen ; Stark, Lawrence
Author_Institution :
Bioeng. Graduate Group & Telerobotics Unit, California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA
fDate :
10/1/1993 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
It is noted that a head-mounted display (HMD) system would be a useful teleoperator system display if it increased operator performance of the desired task but could degrade performance because of display update rate limitations and communication delays. 3-D tracking and pick-and-place tasks are simulated to characterize performance levels for a range of update rates and delays. How performance changes as the display is altered to maintain the update rate is also examined. The results of the update experiments indicate that performance levels degrade only slightly until the update rate is below 1 or 2 Hz. Attempts to maintain update rate by eliminating display features such as stereo and occlusion cues show that the presence of either cue alone is sufficient to maintain performance levels in the simple, short-term tasks considered. Delays also degrade performance in both manipulation tasks considered. These HMD performance problems are not lessened by the presentation of a predictive feedback display. Instead, the delay in the head movement tracking loop must be eliminated
Keywords :
delays; display instrumentation; feedback; human factors; man-machine systems; telecontrol; telecontrol equipment; 3D tracking; communication delays; display update rate; head movement tracking loop; head-mounted displays; manipulation tasks; operator performance; predictive feedback display; teleoperator system display; Bandwidth; Computational modeling; Computer displays; Degradation; Delay; Feedback; Head; Humans; Teleoperators; Telerobotics;
Journal_Title :
Robotics and Automation, IEEE Transactions on