Accurate determination of gain and radiation patterns by radar cross-section measurements

Using a two-port network and geometrical interpretation of equations involved in antenna scattering, it can be derived that antenna characteristics may be determined in properly designed scattering measurements. As an alternative to this approach it is shown that measurement procedures for gain and radiation pattern can be developed from simple considerations of the receiving, transmitting, and scattering properties of antennas. The main advantages of the technique are that no gain standard is required and a disturbing feedline to the antenna can be avoided. In addition to this the technique seems to be highly accurate. These general conclusions are well corroborated by experimental data on a standard gain horn. Sources of errors are outlined and compared with sources of errors in conventional techniques.