Lightweight magnet for space applications

The use of cryogenic and superconducting magnets in space is being investigated for pulsed power generation, power conditioning and energy storage and could play a major role in the Strategic Defense Initative (SDI) program. Potential space magnet applications, current technological limits and areas where additional development is required have been identified. A short history of superconducting magnets in space is included. Technology study results, including consideration of zero-gravity conditions for magnet cooling, space-based refrigerator/liquefiers, advanced composites to reduce magnet weight and structures that satisfy launch and space environmental requirements are presented. Computer programs have been developed to optimize spaceborne magnet system weight with respect to the power supply, magnet operating current density, cooling scenario, charge and discharge rates, load characteristics and magnet configuration. Ground-based magnets built to date have stored energy to mass ratios (specific energies) of less than 3 J/gm ; it is expected that space-based magnets with specific energies of more than 50 J/gm can be designed and built in the near future.