Coupled-mode analysis of interactions in crossed fields

The coupled-mode equations for a thin beam in a crossed-field electron tube are derived, taking into account space-charge effects by which the degeneracy of the space-charge waves is split. The equations are applied to several types of interactions between circuit waves and beam waves. The results obtained are interpreted in terms of power flow. The boundary conditions of a velocity jump in a drift region are derived. The possibility of reducing the noise figure using velocity jumps is considered.