Finite element force calculation in linear induction machines

This paper presents linear induction machine thrust and normal force calculations using the finite element method. The thrust force is calculated both by the Maxwell stress tensor and by the Lorentz formula, while the normal force is calculated by the Maxwell stress tensor and by a combination of the Maxwell stress tensor for the attractive component and the Lorentz formula for the repulsive component. Computation results are compared with experimental data. Analysis of these results reveals some practical conclusions about the advantages and shortcomings of the two force calculation methods.