A Modified Decorrelated Delay Lock Loop for Synchronous DS-CDMA Systems

This paper presents a modified decorrelated delay lock loop (MD-DLL) for synchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems under multiuser environments. The structure of the MD-DLL is similar to that of a traditional delay lock loop (T-DLL), aside from the fact that the despreading signals in T-DLL are replaced by a linear combination of all the users´ code sequences with various weightings and timing offsets. The basic principles of MD-DLL are given as follows: 1) to use the decorrelating technique of a multiuser detector to remove the multiple-access interference at the on-time code position instant and 2) to choose a proper timing offset for the code sequences to reduce the weighting imbalance between the two arms of the tracking loop and suppress noise enhancement. The proposed MD-DLL scheme solves the tracking bias problems in a decorrelated delay lock loop under a low-signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) condition. Computer simulations based on Gold code sequences are used to verify the findings. It is shown that MD-DLL achieves a better and stable S-curve with negligible tracking bias, better rms tracking error and mean-time-to-lose-lock performance under high-SNR conditions, and stronger near-far resistance than T-DLL.