Grounded Inductor Simulators With Improved Low-Frequency Performances

In this paper, the nonideality effects such as non-ideal gain and parasitic-impedance effects on the low-frequency performance of two new grounded inductor simulators are investigated in great depth. In addition, some low-frequency-performance improvement methods for grounded inductor simulators are discussed. Both of the grounded simulated inductors derived from the previously published ones employ a minimum number of grounded passive components and plus-type second-generation current conveyors. Four second-order voltage-mode universal-filter topologies, three of which are novel, are derived from newly and previously developed simulated inductors as application examples. Computer simulations with SPICE program including ideal and experimental test results are drawn to verify theoretical ones.