Antennas in material media near boundaries with application to communication and geophysical exploration, Part II: The terminated insulated antenna

The properties of the insulated antenna in a dissipative medium near a boundary are reviewed. The important effects on antennas of being embedded in media with different properties over a wide range of frequencies are treated specifically in terms of three examples. These are: 1) a traveling-wave antenna in the earth below air at MHz for subsurface communication; 2) an antiresonant antenna on the sea floor at kHz and 3) an electrically short antenna on the sea floor at Hz--both for geophysical measurements. In each case the current distribution, impedance, input power, effective length, and electric field in the range of interest are determined.