Title :
A bipolar four-quadrant analog quarter-square multiplier consisting of unbalanced emitter-coupled pairs and expansions of its input ranges
Author_Institution :
Fundamental Technol. Dev. Dept., NEC Corp., Yokohama, Japan
fDate :
1/1/1994 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
A bipolar four-quadrant analog multiplier based on the quarter-square technique, which is constituted from unbalanced emitter-coupled pairs, and some methods for extending the input voltage range, are described. The building blocks for the circuit consist of an unbalanced emitter-coupled pair with different emitter areas, an emitter-coupled pair with an input bias offset, and an unbalanced emitter-coupled pair with unbalanced emitter degeneration. A basic squaring circuit is realized from two identical unbalanced emitter-coupled pairs with emitter area ratio K and cross-coupled inputs and parallel-connected outputs. The quarter-square multipliers proposed in this paper can operate under low supply voltage (typically <3 V, and a minimum of 1 V). Therefore, the Gilbert multiplier, which has been the most popular analog multiplier in bipolar technology over the past few decades, can be replaced
Keywords :
SPICE; bipolar integrated circuits; circuit analysis computing; linear integrated circuits; multiplying circuits; 1 to 3 V; DC characteristics; SPICE simulation; bipolar four-quadrant analog quarter-square multiplier; input bias offset; input voltage range extension; low supply voltage; parallel-connected outputs; short circuit transconductance; squaring circuit; transfer characteristics; unbalanced emitter degeneration; unbalanced emitter-coupled pairs; Cameras; Circuit theory; Coupling circuits; Impedance matching; Low voltage; Motion pictures; Receivers; Telephony; Temperature; Transconductance;
Journal_Title :
Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of
