A Mathematical Analysis of Transmission-Line Transients Related to Fault Surges

A general mathematical model of an n-conductor transmission line is given. With a fault on the transmission line, simulated by an application of a cancellation source, the superposition principle is applied to obtain the transient solution of the system with nonzero initial conditions. The worst case of fault surges, a single line-to-ground fault at the midpoint of the line, is investigated. The maximum overvoltage occurs at the midpoint and is found to be increased with the line length.