DocumentCode :
1043526
Title :
Interaction of electromagnetic waves with some natural surfaces
Author :
Peake, William H.
Author_Institution :
Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Volume :
7
Issue :
5
fYear :
1959
fDate :
12/1/1959 12:00:00 AM
Firstpage :
324
Lastpage :
329
Abstract :
The problem of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with nonuniform surfaces (terrain, roadways, etc.) is of interest for predicting the apparent temperature of radiometers or radio telescopes. In this paper, the interaction is described by the differential scattering coefficients of the surface, in terms of which one may express such parameters of the surface as the radar cross section, the absorption coefficient, the albedo, etc. By making use of the reciprocity properties of the differential scattering coefficients, Kirchhoff´s radiation law is derived in its most general form, which takes account of both the angular dependence and the polarization properties of the emitted radiation. Thus, the emissivity of the surface can also be expressed in terms of the scattering coefficients. General formulas for apparent surface temperature are obtained and are used to calculate the apparent temperature of an asphalt roadway and a vegetation-covered surface. The predicted temperatures are found to be in reasonably good agreement with measurements of Britt, Tolbert and Straiton at 4.3 mm wavelength.
Keywords :
Electromagnetic (EM) scattering by rough surfaces; Microwave radiometry; Millimeter-wave radiometry; Terrain factors; Electromagnetic radiation; Electromagnetic scattering; Electromagnetic wave absorption; Radar cross section; Radar scattering; Radio astronomy; Radiometers; Scattering parameters; Surface waves; Temperature;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Antennas and Propagation, IRE Transactions on
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
0096-1973
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/TAP.1959.1144736
Filename :
1144736
Link To Document :
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