Cable Charge and Discharge

Conductivity determinations of insulating materials, and therefore the determinations of the leakage resistance of a cable, condenser or similar structure, have always been more or less unsatisfactory, due to a phenomenon often called ``soaking in of the charges.´´ In general, if a constant direct voltage is impressed upon a circuit, in the first moment large transient currents flow, representing the energy storage and adjustment in the magnetic and dielectric fields of the circuit. These transient currents however vanish very quickly, usually in a very small fraction of a second, and all the currents in the circuit or circuits then become constant. If a constant direct voltage is impressed upon a cable or similar structure, large transient currents also flow mnomentarily; but after these currents of energy adjustment in the electromagnetic field of the system have vanished, usually after a small fraction of a second, the remaining current is not constant, as in the usual electric circuit, but continues to decrease slowly, for minutes or even hours. If then the cable is discharged by short-circuiting it, after the large initial transient discharge current has passed and the voltage on the cable has become zero??in a small fraction of a second??the current coming out of the cable does not entirely vanish, but a small discharge current continues to flow for many minutes or even hours.