Title :
An Ultra-Low-Power Injection Locked Transmitter for Wireless Sensor Networks
Author :
Chee, Yuen Hui ; Niknejad, Ali M. ; Rabaey, Jan M.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., California Univ., Berkeley, CA
Abstract :
This paper presents the principles for designing low-power transmitters for wireless sensor networks. Based on these principles, an injection-locked transmitter is implemented in a standard 0.13-mum CMOS process and packaged using chip-on-board assembly. The transmitter utilizes a film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) to obtain a stable carrier at 1.9 GHz. At 0 dBm output power, the transmitter achieves an efficiency of 32% at 50 kb/s and 28% at 156 kb/s. With 50% on-off keying, the transmitter consumes 1.6 and 1.8 mW, respectively
Keywords :
CMOS integrated circuits; acoustic resonators; assembling; low-power electronics; radio transmitters; wireless sensor networks; 0.13 micron; 1.6 mW; 1.8 mW; 1.9 GHz; CMOS process; FBAR; chip-on-board assembly; film bulk acoustic resonator; injection locked transmitter; low-power transmitters; ultra-low-power transmitter; wireless sensor networks; Circuits; Energy consumption; Film bulk acoustic resonators; Injection-locked oscillators; Intelligent sensors; Micromechanical devices; Power generation; Radio frequency; Transmitters; Wireless sensor networks; Film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR); MEMS; injection locking; low power; transmitter; wireless sensor networks;
Journal_Title :
Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JSSC.2006.877254
