DocumentCode :
1050836
Title :
Electrical conductivity of seawater
Author :
Bradshaw, A.L. ; Schleicher, Karl E.
Author_Institution :
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
Volume :
5
Issue :
1
fYear :
1980
fDate :
1/1/1980 12:00:00 AM
Firstpage :
50
Lastpage :
62
Abstract :
Measurements of some temperature and pressure dependent relationships of the electrical conductivity of seawater at various salinities were made using four-electrode conductivity cells. At atmospheric pressure the measurements were of the effect of temperature over the range from the freezing point to about 
C on 1) 
(the ratio of the electrical conductivity of 
seawater at temperature T to that at 
C) and 2) 
(the ratio of the electrical conductivity of a given seawater at temperature 
to that of seawater at the same temperature) at various salinities. The results under 1) have been combined with those of Dauphinee [1] and expressed as a fourth degree equation in temperature by Perkin and Lewis [2]. The results under 2) confirm the temperature dependence of the findings of Dauphinee [1] and of Poisson [4] for as a function of salinity (weight dilution) at various temperatures. Measurements of the effect of pressure on the electrical conductivity of seawater were made for salinities of 2, 14, 22, and over pressure and temperature ranges of 0 to 1000 bars above atmospheric pressure and the freezing point to 
C, respectively. These results complement those of our earlier work [5] using a two-electrode conductivity cell on 31, 35, and 
salinity seawaters over approximately the same pressure and temperature ranges. "Best" least squares polynomial fits in pressure and temperature to the new and to the old observed values of percentage increase in conductivity at agree within the equivalent of 
salinity at 1000 bars. The accuracy of the new results, which at is probably not worse than the equivalent of 
salinity at 1000 bars, is superior to that of the earlier ones. Perkin and Lewis [2] have fitted rational functions in 
and 
where 
is the ratio of the electrical conductivity at 
and salinity 
to that at 0 bars, C and , to the combined old and new edited data. They obtained a standard deviation of 1.3-ppm salinity fo- r their oceanographic fit and a standard deviation of 1.3-ppm salinity for their general fit.
C on 1) (the ratio of the electrical conductivity of seawater at temperature T to that at C) and 2) (the ratio of the electrical conductivity of a given seawater at temperature to that of seawater at the same temperature) at various salinities. The results under 1) have been combined with those of Dauphinee [1] and expressed as a fourth degree equation in temperature by Perkin and Lewis [2]. The results under 2) confirm the temperature dependence of the findings of Dauphinee [1] and of Poisson [4] for as a function of salinity (weight dilution) at various temperatures. Measurements of the effect of pressure on the electrical conductivity of seawater were made for salinities of 2, 14, 22, and over pressure and temperature ranges of 0 to 1000 bars above atmospheric pressure and the freezing point to C, respectively. These results complement those of our earlier work [5] using a two-electrode conductivity cell on 31, 35, and salinity seawaters over approximately the same pressure and temperature ranges. "Best" least squares polynomial fits in pressure and temperature to the new and to the old observed values of percentage increase in conductivity at agree within the equivalent of salinity at 1000 bars. The accuracy of the new results, which at is probably not worse than the equivalent of salinity at 1000 bars, is superior to that of the earlier ones. Perkin and Lewis [2] have fitted rational functions in and where is the ratio of the electrical conductivity at and salinity to that at 0 bars, C and , to the combined old and new edited data. They obtained a standard deviation of 1.3-ppm salinity fo- r their oceanographic fit and a standard deviation of 1.3-ppm salinity for their general fit.Keywords :
Conductivity measurements; Sea measurements; Atmospheric measurements; Bars; Conductivity measurement; Electric variables measurement; Ocean temperature; Poisson equations; Pressure measurement; Temperature dependence; Temperature distribution; Temperature measurement;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
0364-9059
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/JOE.1980.1145449
Filename :
1145449
Link To Document :
