Effective Area of a Receiving Antenna in a Lossy Medium

The effective area for a receiving antenna in a lossy medium is derived by solving a receiving problem of an insulated Hertzian dipole with its gain obtained beforehand. As a result, the effective area in a general medium is found to be the product of the gain and pi/Re[omegaradic{epsivmu*}]² . The latter term becomes same as the previous formula, pi/Re[omegaradic{epsivmu}]²=4pi/lambda² when the medium is only electrically or magnetically lossy. A simulation result of power transmission between two insulated small dipoles validates the theory.