Advances and trends in primary and small secondary batteries

Author

Powers, Robert A.

Author_Institution

Powers Associates, Westlake, OH, USA

Volume

9

Issue

4

fYear

1994

fDate

4/1/1994 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

32

Lastpage

36

Abstract

Improvements in performance and reliability continue to be made in the traditional primary and secondary systems such as C-Zn, alkaline MnO/sub 2/, Zn-air, Li-I, and sealed Ni-Cd and lead acid. In addition, two new secondary systems, Ni-metal hydride and lithium ion, have recently been introduced. They are growing rapidly in response to environmental concerns and the need for more energy density by devices. Two new rechargeable systems, Zn-air and lithium polymer electrolyte are nearing commercial production. One manufacturer has just introduced a rechargeable version of the alkaline MnO/sub 2/ system for consumer use. Lithium primary systems, such as Li-MnO/sub 2/, Li-FeS/sub 2/ and CF/sub x/ are gaining substantial market share, amounting to about $500 million in 1992. Li-silver vanadium primary cells have been developed to supply the higher currents needed by implantable medical devices such as defibrillators.<>

Keywords

primary cells; secondary cells; C-Zn; CF/sub x/; Li; Li-AgV; Li-FeS/sub 2/; Li-I; Li-MnO/sub 2/; Li-silver vanadium primary cells; MnO/sub 2/; Ni-Cd; Ni-metal hydride; Pb; Zn-air; alkaline MnO/sub 2/; defibrillators; energy density; implantable medical devices; lead acid batteries; lithium polymer electrolyte; primary batteries; reliability; sealed Ni-Cd; secondary batteries; Anodes; Batteries; Lithium compounds; Manganese; Manufacturing; Polymers; Power system reliability; Production systems; Testing; Zinc;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0885-8985

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/62.277751

Filename

277751