Title :
Quality of mass-produced lead tungstate crystals
Author :
Mao, Rihua ; Zhang, Liyuan ; Zhu, Ren-Yuan
Author_Institution :
California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, CA, USA
Abstract :
Because of the broad interest in high energy and nuclear physics community, mass production capacities of lead tungstate crystals have been established. The optical and scintillation properties of lead tungstate crystals, 20 each from two major vendors, were evaluated. The transmittance, emission and excitation spectra, light output and light response uniformity of these samples were measured. The degradations of these properties under irradiation, and the emission weighted radiation induced absorption coefficient (EWRIAC) were also studied. It was found that currently mass-produced lead tungstate crystals are radiation hard enough for radiation environments where expected dose rates do not exceed a few hundred rad/h.
Keywords :
crystal properties; lead compounds; mass production; optical properties; radiation effects; scintillation; solid scintillation detectors; emission spectra; emission weighted radiation induced absorption coefficient; excitation spectra; expected dose rates; high energy physics; light output; light response uniformity; mass production capacities; mass-produced lead tungstate crystals; nuclear physics; optical properties; radiation damage; radiation environments; scintillation properties; transmittance spectra; Absorption; Annealing; Crystals; Mass production; Optical propagation; Optical refraction; Optical variables control; Silicon carbide; Wavelength measurement; Yttrium;
Journal_Title :
Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TNS.2004.832561
