Multi-Item Spectrum Auction for Recall-Based Cognitive Radio Networks With Multiple Heterogeneous Secondary Users

In this paper, we consider a spectrum auction system among heterogeneous secondary users (SUs) with various quality-of-service (QoS) requirements and a recall-based primary base station (PBS) that could recall channels after auction to deal with a sudden increase in its own demand. Beginning with proposing a recall-based single-winner spectrum auction (RSSA) algorithm, we further extend our work to allow multiple winners in order to improve the spectrum utilization and propose a recall-based multiple-winner spectrum auction (RMSA) algorithm. A combinatorial auction model is then formulated, and Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism is applied in the payment function. Moreover, the proposed RMSA algorithm focuses on a fair spectrum allocation among heterogeneous SUs and the increase in the PBS´s auction revenue. Both theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed spectrum auction algorithm can improve the spectrum utilization with guarantees on SUs´ heterogeneous QoS requirements.